Growth of a year
Households farm their own land, private shops open, and the economy takes off.
Tem phiếu
Ration coupon
From Ration Coupons to
Vietnam's Development Story
- Holder
- Alcedrei Bangcola
- Holder
- Bernardt So
: the crisis
- Income per person,
- a year
- World ranking
- among the poorest countries
- People living in poverty,
Inflation,
Đổi Mới
Renovation,
Three doors open
- Farmland goes back to households
- Private business allowed
- Foreign investment welcome
It hurt first. Income per person fell, .
state enterprises closed or merged, .
Lights on
Access to electricity
() → ()
1 lantern = 1%
Extreme poverty rate
() → ()
1 figure = 1% · dark = in extreme poverty
Vietnam joins the world
WTO membership, . Foreign factories pour in and ships leave full.
Continued: where does that leave Vietnam today? →
Vietnam today
Upper-middle income · World Bank,GDP,
Growth,
GDP per capita,
Exports,
Growth,
GNI per capita (Atlas) () → ()
HDI, rank of
| Measure | Vietnam | Philippines |
|---|---|---|
| GDP, | ||
| Inequality-adjusted HDI, | ||
| GNI per capita, | ||
| World Bank group, | Upper-middle | Upper-middle |
Cracks beneath the numbers
Warnings- Who exportsof export value comes from foreign-invested firms (). China supplies of factory inputs; truly local exports: .
- TariffsUS tariff under Section 301, as of . Before: ( transshipped), → struck down by the Supreme Court, → under Section 122 → expired .
- Agingbirths per woman (). From aging to aged in ; France took years.
- Climatelower output possible by without adaptation.
- InequalityHDI in Lai Châu and Hà Giang (pre-2025 boundaries), vs in Hà Nội ().
The road to
Potholes foreign firms / tariffs / aging / climate / inequality
Repairs, ministries → / provinces →
The fork high income needs growth per person, every year for years
↖ High income
Middle-income trap ↗